An arrangement where a woman (surrogate mother) becomes pregnant and gives birth to a baby for another person or couple.
From Latin surrogatus (substituted) plus -cy (state of). Modern usage exploded in the 1970s-80s as reproductive technology advanced and legal frameworks developed.
Surrogacy raises fascinating biological and philosophical questions—the person who gives birth isn't always the genetic parent, and different countries have totally different laws about it. It's one of the newest ways humans have figured out to create families.
Historically centered on women's reproductive labor, often with power imbalances between intended parents and surrogates. Language frequently erases surrogates' agency and experience.
Distinguish between 'gestational surrogacy' and 'genetic surrogacy.' Use 'surrogate parent' for clarity on roles. Prioritize surrogate autonomy in language.
["gestational parent","surrogate motherhood/fatherhood (when role-specific)","surrogacy arrangement (less hierarchical)"]
Surrogates—predominantly women—provide vital reproductive labor that builds families; language should honor their choice, autonomy, and bodily contribution rather than treating them as vessels.
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