Different forms or versions of the same thing, showing slight changes or modifications. In music, refers to alterations of a theme while maintaining its essential character.
From Latin 'variare' meaning 'to change, alter, make different.' Through Old French into Middle English, the term expanded from simple change to encompass systematic modifications and musical compositions.
In classical music, theme and variations is a beloved form where composers take a simple melody and transform it through different rhythms, harmonies, and styles - like musical dress-up for the same basic tune. Beethoven's variations on 'Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star' show how a children's song can become sophisticated art.
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