Having wings; able to fly or equipped with wing-like appendages.
From Old English 'winge' (wing, likely from Old Norse 'vængr') plus '-ed' (adjectival suffix meaning 'having' or 'equipped with'). Wings themselves may derive from Proto-Indo-European 'weng-' meaning 'to swing or turn.'
Notice that 'winged' is pronounced two different ways: 'WING-ed' (having wings) versus 'WING-d' (past tense of 'wing' the verb). This dual pronunciation is rare in English and shows how homographs with different stress patterns can create confusion.
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