Relating to or functioning as an adjective, which is a word that describes or modifies a noun.
From adjective (Latin ad- 'to' + jacere 'to throw') + -al suffix meaning 'relating to.' The term emerged in grammar to describe the nature of words that modify nouns.
Adjectives are actually relatively rare in the world's languages—many languages use verbs or other forms instead to express what English adjectives do, making this grammatical category surprisingly special.
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