The twelve disciples chosen by Jesus Christ to spread his teachings; more broadly, any pioneering advocates of a particular doctrine.
From Greek 'apostolos' meaning 'messenger' or 'one who is sent forth', from 'apostellein' (apo- 'away' + stellein 'to send'). Entered English through Latin and Old French.
The word apostle literally means 'sent away person', highlighting their role as messengers traveling far from home to spread new ideas. This concept of being 'sent forth' is so powerful that we still use 'apostle' for passionate advocates of any cause, from environmental apostles to apostles of technology.
Christian apostolic tradition excluded women from formal apostolic roles despite women's documented leadership in early Christian communities (Priscilla, Phoebe, Junia); male-only framing of 'apostles' erased women's founding contributions.
When discussing apostles historically, acknowledge women leaders and prophets who played equivalent roles in early Christian movements.
["disciples","early Christian leaders"]
Women like Priscilla and Phoebe led congregations and taught doctrine; historical erasure from 'apostle' lists reflects later institutional bias, not early practice.
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