In a way that requires great effort, energy, and determination; with difficulty and strain.
From Latin 'arduus' (difficult, steep) + '-ous' (adjective suffix) + '-ly' (adverb suffix). The word evolved to describe any difficult action performed with great struggle and perseverance.
When you do something 'arduously,' you're not just working hard—the word itself sounds difficult to say, with all those consonants, almost like your mouth is climbing a steep mountain.
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