An artifact is an object made or used by humans in the past, such as tools, pottery, or jewelry, that helps us understand their lives. Museums often display artifacts to show history.
From Latin “arte” meaning “by skill” and “factum” meaning “made,” together meaning “something made by skill.” It contrasts with things that occur naturally.
An artifact is like a time capsule you can hold in your hand—proof that a person once stood where you stand now. A broken bowl or worn-out shoe can silently tell stories that never got written down.
Discussions of artifacts in archaeology and museum practice historically prioritized objects linked to elite men—such as weapons, monuments, and official inscriptions—while undervaluing domestic, textile, and caregiving artifacts more often associated with women. Cataloging practices sometimes omitted or speculated inaccurately about women’s roles in creating or using artifacts.
When describing artifacts, avoid assuming the maker or user was male; specify gender only when supported by evidence. Highlight the significance of domestic and everyday artifacts, which often reflect women’s labor and expertise.
Textiles, pottery, tools, and household artifacts frequently represent sophisticated work by women and other marginalized makers whose names were not recorded; crediting these contributions helps rebalance historical narratives.
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