Relating to or resembling the atlas vertebra; of or pertaining to the first cervical vertebra.
From 'atloid' (resembling the atlas) plus the suffix '-ean' (meaning of or pertaining to). This medical term extends the anatomical description with a more formal, classical suffix.
Medical terminology loves these '-ean' and '-oid' suffixes because they let doctors be very specific—'atloidean' signals to other doctors that you're talking specifically about the atlas vertebra and its characteristics, not just any neck bone.
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