In a manner relating to the ear, hearing, or the sense of sound; through or by means of listening.
From 'aural' (Latin 'auralis' from 'auris' meaning 'ear') plus the adverbial suffix '-ly' (from Old English 'lic'), creating the adverb form to describe actions or processes involving hearing.
Adverbs formed with '-ly' can sound awkward when the adjective already describes a sense—'aurally' is technically correct but we'd more naturally say 'by ear' or 'through hearing,' showing how formal morphology doesn't always match natural speech.
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