Plural of babaylan; multiple shamans or spiritual healers from Filipino indigenous traditions.
English plural form of 'babaylan,' adding the English '-es' suffix. This form appears in historical texts written about pre-colonial Philippine societies.
English texts about pre-colonial Philippines often plural 'babaylan' as 'babaylanes,' showing how European writers struggled to describe indigenous leadership structures that didn't fit their categories of 'priest' or 'doctor.'
Plural form of babaylan; inherits the gender-documentation issues from colonial records that obscured the female-majority composition of this spiritual class.
Refer to plural babaylan collectively without gender assumption; use 'babaylan practitioners' or simply 'babaylan' for groups.
["babaylan practitioners","babaylan healers","babaylan specialists"]
The suppression of women babaylan in historical records represents a larger pattern of erasing women's spiritual and social authority under colonialism.
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