Showing anger or irritation in a defensive, prickly manner, like an animal raising its fur when threatened. Often involves visible tension and readiness to respond aggressively.
From Old English 'byrst' (bristle, stiff hair). The metaphorical use comparing human anger to an animal's defensive bristling emerged in the 16th century, capturing the physical manifestation of defensive rage.
Bristling is our mammalian heritage showing through - it's literally the human equivalent of a cat arching its back! This reaction activates the same ancient neural pathways that helped our ancestors appear larger and more threatening when facing danger.
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