Something that bulges or protrudes outward, or a type of chess opening trap that catches opponents off-guard.
From 'bulge' (from Middle Dutch 'bulge' meaning bag or pouch, ultimately Germanic) + '-er' (one that does). The chess meaning is specialized jargon from 20th-century chess strategy.
In chess, the 'Bulge' refers to a trap in the Caro-Kann Defense where one player creates an apparent weakness that's actually a trap—it's named 'Bulger' because it makes an opponent's position look promising but it's an illusion!
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