Relating to a Caesarean section (surgical childbirth), or a person born via this method; an alternative spelling of 'caesarean.'
From Latin caesareus, an adjective relating to Julius Caesar. The medical sense developed in Renaissance medical texts adopting classical naming conventions.
This older spelling variant reminds us that medical terminology was once extremely inconsistent—doctors in the 1600s might write 'caesarian,' 'caesarean,' or even 'cesarean,' and English didn't standardize medical terminology until much later.
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