The act of kicking back or resisting stubbornly; obstinate opposition or defiance.
From Latin 'calcitratio,' derived from 'calcitrare' (to kick back). This noun form emerged in English theological and philosophical texts to describe willful resistance.
Medieval theologians used 'calcitration' to describe humans stubbornly resisting God's will—they borrowed the animal imagery because it showed how unreasonable that resistance was!
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