To convert something into carbon or a carbon compound, usually by heating it intensely or through a chemical reaction.
From carbon (Late Latin carbo, 'coal') + -ize (Greek -izein, 'to cause to be'). This verb form emerged in the late 19th century as industrial chemistry expanded.
When you burn wood in a fire, you're carbonizing it—the black char is nearly pure carbon, which is why charcoal sticks are perfect for sketching and why activated charcoal can absorb poisons in your stomach.
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