A follower of Catharism, a heretical Christian movement of the Middle Ages that rejected the material world and Catholic authority.
From 'Cathari' (the name of the sect in Greek/Latin) plus the suffix '-an' (meaning 'follower of'). The Cathari believed in a dualistic religion with good and evil principles.
Catharan heretics were so threatening to the medieval Church that they sparked the first major inquisition and crusades against European Christians—the Albigensian Crusade actually killed thousands of believers!
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