A collection of nerve cell bodies located in or near the brain, forming a functional cluster involved in information processing or control.
From Latin cerebrum (brain) + ganglion (Greek term for a swelling or knot of tissue). In anatomy, ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies, analogous to computer nodes in a network.
In invertebrates like insects and octopuses, the entire brain is essentially a collection of cerebroganglia—distinct nerve clusters with specialized jobs—which shows that brains don't need to be unified organs to process complex information.
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