The arrangement of events in the order they happened over time, or a list that shows when important things occurred.
From Greek chronos (time) and -logia (study of). The term emerged in the 17th century to describe the systematic organization of historical events into a timeline, combining Greek roots to mean 'the study of time.'
Chronology is why we can tell that the dinosaurs died before humans walked the Earth—without it, history would be a jumbled mess! Ancient scholars like Eusebius of Caesarea invented chronology to try to connect different cultures' timelines and figure out when everything really happened.
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