The process of converting something (like a military organization or technology) to civilian use or control, or integrating civilians into a system.
From civilianize (to make civilian) + -ation (forming abstract nouns of action/process). Civilian comes from Latin civilis. The suffix -ation became productive in English during the Middle English period.
After major wars, governments face massive civilianization challenges—turning soldiers into civilians and weapons into tools for peace—and this word captures one of history's most difficult transitions, as seen after World War II and Vietnam.
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