Relating to or based on cosmography; describing the characteristics and structure of the universe and world in detail.
From cosmographic + -al (redundant adjectival suffix). Like 'geographical' vs. 'geographic,' this longer form appears in formal academic and scientific writing.
The redundant suffixes in 'cosmographical' (like 'geographical') evolved in English because we borrowed from Romance languages that add extra suffixes—it became a stylistic choice, with the longer form feeling more formal and authoritative.
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