Definition
A line of fortifications built by a besieging army to protect themselves while surrounding a fortress or city.
Etymology
From Latin 'contra' (against) and 'vallum' (rampart), combined with the suffix '-ation.' Military engineers used this term to describe defensive walls built in reverse—protecting attackers rather than defenders.
Kelly Says
During the Siege of Alesia in 52 BCE, Caesar built countervallations so massive they encircled an entire Celtic army, creating a fortress within a fortress—one of history's most dramatic military engineering feats.
Translations
BNবাংলা
প্রতিরোধ
pro-ti-rodh
CACatalà
contramesura
kon-tra-me-su-ra
CSČeština
protiopatření
pro-ti-opa-tření
DEDeutsch
Gegenmaßnahme
ge-gen-mah-s-nah-meh
ELΕλληνικά
αντιμετώπιση
an-ti-me-to-pi-si
ESEspañol
contravalación
kon-tra-va-la-ción
FAفارسی
مقابله
mo-qa-baleh
FISuomi
vasta-toimi
vasta-toi-mi
FRFrançais
contre-vallation
kɔ̃tʁə-val-jasjon
HEעברית
תגובה נגדית
te-gu-va ne-ga-dit
HIहिन्दी
प्रतिरोध
pri-ti-roh-ad
HUMagyar
ellenintézkedés
el-len-in-te-z-ke-dés
IDBahasa Indonesia
penghalang
pen-ga-lang
ITItaliano
controvallazione
kon-tro-va-lla-zio-ne
KKKK
қарсы әрекет
qarsy a-re-ket
MSBahasa Melayu
penentangan
pe-nen-tan-gan
MYမြန်မာ
ကြောင့်
kya-ng-ht
NLNederlands
tegenmaatregel
te-gen-maat-re-gel
NONorsk
mottiltak
mot-til-tak
PLPolski
przeciwmierz
przi-tiw-mi-ierz
PTPortuguês
contravalação
kon-tra-va-la-ção
RORomână
măsură contracarantă
ma-su-ră kon-tra-ka-ran-tă
RUРусский
противодействие
pro-tiv-o-de-y-st-vi-ye
SVSvenska
motåtgärd
mot-å-tga-rd
SWKiswahili
upinzani
u-pin-za-ni
TAதமிழ்
எதிர்ப்பு
e-thir-pu
TEతెలుగు
విరుద్ధ చర్య
vi-rud-dha cha-ri
THไทย
มาตรการป้องกัน
ma-tra-gaan pong-gan
TLTL
pagtatapat
pa-g-ta-ta-pat
TRTürkçe
karşı önlem
kar-şi ön-lem
UKУкраїнська
протидія
pro-ti-di-ya
URاردو
مخالفت
makh-al-fat
VITiếng Việt
biện pháp đối kháng
bien-phap doi-khang