A strong defensive wall that surrounds a castle or fortress, usually with a path on top where soldiers could stand and defend.
From Middle French 'rempart,' likely from 'remparer' meaning 'to fortify,' combining 're-' (again) and 'parer' (to protect); used to describe Medieval defensive structures.
Ramparts were so crucial to Medieval warfare that entire cities were redesigned around them—and the Italian Renaissance engineer Vauban became legendary for creating rampart designs so mathematically perfect they could defend against cannon fire.
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