The quality or state of being courteous; the display of politeness, respect, and good manners in behavior and speech.
From 'courteous' + '-ness' (abstract noun forming suffix). This noun form allows the quality of courtesy to be discussed as an abstract concept or measurable characteristic.
Studies in psychology show that courteousness is often more effective than aggression in resolving conflicts—courteous language literally activates different regions of the listener's brain and makes them more receptive to your message.
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