A detailed description or drawing of a skull; an instrument or method for recording the shape and measurements of the skull.
From Greek 'kranion' (skull) + '-graph' (to write/record). This 19th-century term describes both written descriptions and visual/instrumental recordings of skull anatomy.
Before CT scans and 3D imaging, craniographs were how anatomists recorded skull variations—handdrawn or via mechanical tracing instruments—showing how technology for capturing biological detail has completely transformed.
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