The scientific study and application of producing and using extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C, and how materials behave at these temperatures.
From Greek 'kryos' (cold) + 'gen' (produce) + '-ics' (study of). This scientific field emerged in the late 19th century as scientists learned to liquefy gases like nitrogen and helium.
Cryogenics gave us the ability to preserve biological materials, build superconductors, launch rockets with liquid fuel, and even theoretically freeze people for future revival—it's the science behind some of our wildest future dreams.
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