Relating to color blindness or the inability to distinguish certain colors, particularly red and green.
From the name John Dalton combined with the suffix '-ic'; Dalton's personal color blindness led scientists to name this condition after him in the early 1800s.
It's a poignant piece of science history that color blindness is called 'Daltonism' because John Dalton himself couldn't see red and green properly—he wrote papers about his own vision deficiency, making him one of the first people to scientifically document his own medical condition.
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