An X-ray image or series of images of the duodenum taken after the patient drinks barium so the intestine shows up clearly on the film.
From duodenum plus -gram (from Greek gramma, 'something written or recorded'). The -gram suffix is used for images, records, or documents of medical scans and tests.
Before modern CT and ultrasound machines, the barium study was the gold standard for seeing duodenal ulcers—patients had to drink a chalky white liquid and stand under an X-ray machine while radiologists watched the barium flow through their intestines in real-time!
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