Third person singular present tense: to develop or present something in more detail, or to work out the details of something.
From Latin 'elaborare' meaning 'to work out thoroughly.' The '-ates' ending marks this as a third-person singular verb form.
When a teacher says 'can you elaborate?', they're literally asking you to put in more work—the same root word 'labor' (work) is hiding inside, reminding us that explaining in detail requires effort.
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