A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, using the released energy to pump protons and drive ATP synthesis. This is the final stage of cellular respiration.
The term emerged in the 1960s as scientists discovered this chain-like sequence of electron carriers. 'Transport' reflects how electrons are passed along like a relay race, with each carrier in the 'chain' accepting and donating electrons.
The electron transport chain is like a hydroelectric dam made of proteins - electrons flow downhill through a series of carriers like water through turbines, and that flowing energy is captured to pump protons, creating the pressure needed to generate ATP!
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