Shut up or confined in a cage; imprisoned or trapped.
Past tense and adjective form of encage. The -ed suffix creates both the past tense (he encaged the bird) and an adjective (the encaged bird).
The word 'encaged' appears in poetry way more than everyday speech—there's something about it that feels more artistic than just 'caged,' maybe because 'en-' makes it sound like an action done TO something.
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