A region of the brain located above the thalamus that includes the pineal gland and helps regulate sleep and mood through melatonin production.
From Greek epi- (upon/above) + thalamos (chamber/room). Named anatomically because this brain region sits on top of the thalamus, literally above the brain's inner chamber.
Your epithalamus is your body's biological timekeeper—it releases melatonin when it gets dark, which is why your sleep schedule gets messed up during long flights or when you stay up too late scrolling on your phone.
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