The branch of earth science that applies physics to study the Earth's structure, composition, and processes. It includes study of earthquakes, magnetic fields, and gravitational forces.
Compound of Greek geo 'earth' and physics, from Greek physis meaning 'nature'. The field emerged in the 19th century as scientists applied mathematical and physical principles to understand planetary phenomena.
Geophysics is like being a detective for the entire planet - scientists use earthquake waves, magnetic measurements, and gravitational variations to 'see' inside the Earth without digging! It's how we discovered that our planet has a liquid iron core and moving tectonic plates.
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