The scientific study of the sun, including its physical properties, structure, composition, energy production, and effects on planets and space.
From Greek 'helios' (sun) + 'logia' (study of). This broad scientific field emerged as telescopes and spectroscopy allowed detailed observation of the sun.
Heliology is one of the oldest sciences—humans have observed the sun for thousands of years, but we've only really understood it in the last few centuries through heliology!
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