In a manner that is subject to or governed by external laws, rules, or authorities rather than self-direction.
From heteronomous (adjective) plus -ly (adverb suffix), the adverbial form of the philosophical term contrasting with autonomously.
When people act heteronomously—like robots following commands—philosophers argue they're not truly free, even if they think they are; Immanuel Kant said real freedom means following laws you've reasoned out yourself!
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