A division of a baseball game during which each team has a turn at bat.
From Old English 'innung' meaning a taking in or gathering. Originally referred to land taken in or enclosed. The baseball term emerged in the mid-19th century, referring to a team's 'turn' or time 'in' at bat.
The word inning originally had nothing to do with sports—it referred to the enclosure of common land for private use. Baseball adopted the term because each team gets their turn 'in' to bat, making it a perfect metaphor for taking one's turn at something.
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