A historical region in southeastern Scotland, now divided into East and West Lothian, known for its rich agricultural land and proximity to Edinburgh.
From Old Welsh 'Lleuddiniawn', possibly meaning 'land of Lleuddun' (a personal name), or from Brythonic roots meaning 'broad valley'. The region has been continuously inhabited since prehistoric times and played crucial roles in Scottish-English border conflicts.
Lothian's name preserves ancient Brythonic Celtic language that predates both Gaelic and English in Scotland - a linguistic fossil from when Celtic Britons controlled southern Scotland. The region's fertile soil made it so valuable that control of Lothian often determined the balance of power between Scotland and England.
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