A fundamental framework of concepts, theories, and methods that defines how a particular field of study approaches problems and conducts research. It represents the accepted model or pattern of scientific practice within a discipline.
From Greek 'paradeigma' meaning pattern or example, from 'para-' (beside) and 'deiknynai' (to show). Popularized in modern academic usage by philosopher Thomas Kuhn in 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' (1962).
A paradigm is like the invisible operating system of science - most researchers work within it without even thinking about it, until a revolutionary discovery forces everyone to 'reboot' their entire way of thinking about reality!
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