As a noun, a project is a planned piece of work with a specific goal and time frame. As a verb, to project can mean to throw or send something forward, or to estimate something for the future, like sales or growth.
From Latin *proiectum* 'something thrown forth', from *proicere* 'to throw forward' (*pro-* 'forward' + *iacere* 'to throw'). The idea of 'throwing forward' turned into planning and estimating ahead.
A project is like an idea you 'throw forward' into the future and then chase. Even when you 'project' numbers, you’re tossing your best guess ahead of you and hoping reality lands near it.
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