To shake slightly and quickly; or a container that holds arrows for a bow.
As a verb: from Old English 'cwiferian' meaning to shake. As a noun: from Old French 'cuivre' or Anglo-Norman 'quivre,' possibly related to Proto-Germanic roots meaning to whirl or turn.
One word, two completely unrelated meanings that don't even come from the same root! The quiver (shake) comes from Germanic languages while the quiver (arrow holder) comes from Romance languages—English borrowed both and accidentally created homonyms.
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