To maintain your position or beliefs firmly, especially when facing opposition or pressure to change.
This phrase originated in military contexts of the 18th and 19th centuries, where soldiers were literally urged to stay at their artillery positions during battle rather than retreat. The metaphorical use emerged in the mid-1800s, transferring the idea of steadfast defense from military to civilian contexts.
Interestingly, this phrase became popular during the American Civil War era when artillery crews were often the last line of defense, and their willingness to 'stick to their guns' could determine the outcome of entire battles. The phrase has maintained its militaristic flavor even in modern usage, suggesting that holding firm to one's principles requires the same courage as facing enemy fire.
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