Extending between specified limits or covering a wide area; varying within certain bounds.
From Old French 'rengier' meaning 'to place in a row', ultimately from 'renc' (rank, row). The sense of extending over an area developed from the idea of arranging things in order across space.
The word 'ranging' beautifully captures both physical and abstract span - we can talk about mountains ranging across a landscape or opinions ranging from conservative to liberal. This versatility makes it one of English's most useful words for describing scope and variation in any domain.
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