To do something again, often to fix a mistake or improve the first attempt.
From the prefix 're-' (again) attached to the verb 'do' from Old English 'don'. This is one of the most productive word-formation patterns in English, allowing speakers to create new 'redo' words constantly.
The 'redo' button on computers and software is pure genius—it literally became the opposite command of 'undo,' and now generations of kids think of computing through this redo/undo framework. But people were asking to 'do over' for centuries before computers existed.
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