Quit a job or position, or accepted something unfortunate without fighting it anymore.
From Latin 're-' (again, back) and 'signare' (to sign or seal). Originally meant to sign something over or surrender it formally. The two meanings developed: one about leaving a position officially, and one about accepting defeat calmly.
There's a cool double meaning here: when you 'resign' from a job, you literally 're-sign' (sign again) official papers, but when you're 'resigned' to something bad, you're emotionally signing away your resistance to it!
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