Forceful, violent political or social uprisings that completely change a government or society; or complete rotations around a fixed point.
From Old French 'revolution', from Latin 'revolutio' (rolling back). Originally meant a circular turn, but evolved to mean dramatic social upheaval in the 1600s.
The word 'revolution' means literally 'to roll back around'—yet revolutions never truly return things to where they started. The Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, and American Revolution each permanently altered human society in directions no one predicted.
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