The former name of Thailand, used from the 14th century until 1939 and briefly again from 1945-1949.
From Thai สยาม (sayaam), possibly derived from Sanskrit श्याम (shyama) meaning 'dark' or 'swarthy', referring to the skin color of the people. The name was used by neighboring countries and later adopted by Europeans.
The name 'Siam' lives on in the famous Siamese cats and conjoined twins terminology, even though the country officially became Thailand over 80 years ago. Interestingly, the Thai people themselves often used different names for their country internally while 'Siam' was primarily the external designation.
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