A procedure that examines the sigmoid colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. It's used to screen for colorectal cancer and diagnose bowel problems in the lower portion of the large intestine.
From Greek 'sigma' (the S-shaped letter) referring to the S-shaped sigmoid colon, and 'skopein' meaning 'to examine.' The sigmoid colon resembles the Greek letter sigma in its curved shape.
Sigmoidoscopy examines only the last third of the colon where about 60% of colorectal cancers occur, making it a valuable but limited screening tool compared to full colonoscopy. The sigmoid colon's S-shape helps slow stool movement, allowing more time for water absorption.
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