The branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between their angles and sides.
From Greek 'trigon' (triangle, from 'tri-' meaning three and 'gon' meaning angle) and 'metron' (measure). The term was formalized during the scientific revolution.
Trigonometry became essential for everything from navigation at sea to building cathedrals—medieval mathematicians needed to measure vast distances they couldn't physically reach, so triangles became their tool. Every skyscraper and bridge uses trigonometry invisibly in its design.
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