The concentration of salt dissolved in water, typically measured as parts per thousand. An important factor in oceanography, ecology, and water quality assessment.
From Latin 'salinitas' from 'salinus' meaning salty, derived from 'sal' meaning salt. The scientific term entered English in the 19th century as ocean science developed and precise measurement of salt content became important.
The word 'salary' comes from the same Latin root as 'salinity'—Roman soldiers were sometimes paid in salt, which was so valuable it was literally worth its weight in silver. This connection shows how salt was once one of the most precious commodities on earth, essential for food preservation before refrigeration.
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