A quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by gradually adding a solution of known concentration until a reaction endpoint is reached. The endpoint is often indicated by a color change.
From French 'titrer' meaning 'to determine the fineness or purity,' which comes from 'titre' (title or standard). The term entered chemistry in the 18th century when precise analytical methods were being developed.
Titration is like a molecular detective story where you slowly add clues (titrant) until you solve the mystery of concentration! The dramatic color change at the endpoint is chemistry's way of shouting 'Eureka—we found the answer!'
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